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                <text>Tate, http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/sargent-ellen-terry-as-lady-macbeth-n02053</text>
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                <text>Tate Britain website, “Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth,” last modified in August 2004, accessed October 20, 2016.  http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/sargent-ellen-terry-as-lady-macbeth-n02053</text>
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              <text>&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;NOTE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It may be readily imagined that Mr. J. P. Mayall’s task as the photographer of “Artists at Home” has not been an easy one. The recent improvement in photography by the introduction of the Rapid Dry Plate has alone rendered the thing possible. In Mr. Mayall’s hands, the photographs may fairly lay claim to a success beyond the average, more especially when the difficult task of photographing interiors is taken into account. The process by which these photographs have been reproduced on copper-plates, though not absolutely new, has now for the first time been so modified as to make it possible to give pictures which are not merely absolute facsimiles of the originals, but which bring out admirably the middle tints so often found wanting in the photograph from which they are taken, and which have hitherto been a characteristic only of high-class steel engravings. It may be said, the finer the photograph the finer the reproduced result. The intention of the work will be to introduce the homes of those artists whose names have acquired a deserved celebrity, thereby making “Artists at Home” an historical record of the famous artists of our time.&lt;/p&gt;
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&#13;
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              <text>&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;ARTISTS  AT  HOME&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;PHOTOGRAPHED  BY   J. P. MAYALL&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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              <text>&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;THIS COLLECTION OF PORTRAITS OF HIS COLLEAGUES&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;AND BROTHERS-IN-ARTS&lt;/div&gt;
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              <text>&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;P R E F A C E.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In biographical and historical interest no pictures surpass views of the interiors of artists’ studios, the oldest of which are, so far as I know, sketches of Egyptian origin, showing how walls and mummy cases were decorated on the banks of the Nile many thousands of years ago. The art-crafts of glass-blowing and vase painting are well understood by means of Egyptian drawings. Statuaries and statue painters in their ateliers are depicted at Beni-Hassan. Sir Thomas Browne would have helped us to guess at the appearance of Bezaleel and Aholiab while making the Tabernacle, but I cannot recall to mind a delineation of even a Greek sculptor at work, although there are effigies of men holding implements of art, modeling-tools and the like, to be seen in antique, probably Roman, &lt;em&gt;bassi-relievi.&lt;/em&gt; The knight of Norwich could have given lively pictures, in words, of that marvel, the pre-historic draughtsman, the most ancient master known, whose skill and acutest observation incised upon the bones of his dinner the turning eye and twinkling ear of the doe, alarmed by the artist’s movements in the brake whence he watched her. But all this is, as Sir Thomas himself was wont to say, mere matter of conjecture, although it be built on the sure foundations of those bone-drawings by the immemorial artist which are now preserved in “cabinets of the curious.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;            We are, however, upon the surest ground before the engravings which reproduce a work found in the so-called &lt;em&gt;Casa Carolina &lt;/em&gt;at Pompeii, which is neither more nor less than a satirical picture of a hunch-backed portrait-painter in his study taking the likeness of a gentleman, who, in a carefully arranged toga, and with his hair in complete order, sits stiffly on a stool. Two pigmy amateurs, and a goose—no doubt the art-critic of the day—enter the chamber on one side, while, on the other side, a colour-grinder pursues his vocation in an idle fashion, and a pupil turns from his drawing-board in evident disgust because the visitors chatter too loudly. A charming Magna-Grecian picture of a female artist copying in colours a &lt;em&gt;term&lt;/em&gt; of the bearded Bacchus comprises a view of her own studio—with a framed design hanging all askew on the wall—and was taken from Pompeii to Naples about sixty years since. St. Luke himself, busily painting, was a frequent subject for quasi-Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic artists of devotional pictures in tempera and glass. The tutelary saint of the painters preserved his honours of delineation in many modes until, in a manner which is grotesque, and in 1532, Martin Van Heemskerck depicted him taking the portrait of the Virgin. The Dutchman meant well, but his effort was absurd.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;            Several mediæval miniatures represent illuminators and scribes at work in the &lt;em&gt;scriptoria &lt;/em&gt;of their monasteries, and one of the most curious illustrations of the engraver’s art is that humorous drawing (B. M. Add. MSS., Nos. 10, 292-‘3-‘4) which shows how, &lt;em&gt;c.&lt;/em&gt; 1316, &lt;em&gt;une duchoise&lt;/em&gt; ordered certain letters to be carved about an incised monumental effigy which, as the lady wears a wimple, and is evidently recovering from her sorrow, must have been the portrait of her deceased spouse. An incised slab in the Church of St. Ouen at Rouen displays two architects with their implements of drawing, and is dated &lt;em&gt;c. &lt;/em&gt;1440. Many early German woodcuts and engravings give us engravers, carvers, and painters at work. The Dutch artists of the seventeenth century occasionally represented the interiors of their studios, and several of their pictures have interest equal to that of the series of portraits I have the honour to introduce to the reader, because they comprise likenesses of men of renown, and, as some of our photographs do, they afford faithful representations of famous pictures. Teniers and Francks exercised themselves in this way. There is a magnificent instance by the former in the collection of the Duke of Cleveland at Raby Castle. A picture of this kind, attributed to Teniers, is now No. 88 in the Academy Exhibition. “The Archduke’s Gallery,” by him, is a superb example now at Madrid; it contains portraits of other artists at work. Ostade painted himself in the act of painting, and his picture is now at Dresden. Some great Italian masters depicted their contemporaries while engaged in art, and Rubens and Van Dyck delineated theirs similarly occupied.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;            From these examples we descend rapidly to the eighteenth century during which period such subjects as those in question were rarely, if ever, essayed in England, until Hogarth took his own likeness while seated at an easel, and thus produced a little picture of the most delightful biographical value, which is now in the National Portrait Gallery. The Earl of Derby has at Knowsley a capital group by Hogarth of Monamy the sea-painter showing a picture on the easel to his patron. Winstanley took his own portrait while seated at work with a palette on his thumb. Reynolds represented himself shading his eyes from the light, holding a palette and brushes, and as if he were taking his own likeness from a mirror. This picture hangs near the former Hogarth at South Kensington. Zoffany’s interesting groups of portraits of the Royal Academicians in the Old Life School at Somerset House, painted in 1773, is now at Buckingham Palace, and brings us near to our own time. Likewise in that place is the same painter’s “Interior of the Florentine Gallery,” an analogous instance, comprising portraits of men of note and famous works of art; a picture fit to be matched with Teniers’s masterpieces. Henry Singleton painted the Royal Academicians in General Assembly in 1793, a picture which is now in the gallery at Burlington House. Vernet painted the famous “Raphaël au Vatican,” which is in the Luxembourg, and one of M. Meissonier’s masterpieces in small is the “Amateurs de Peinture,” in which two gentlemen watch an artist diligently painting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;            Having thus, so far as a morning’s work allowed, endeavoured to show what has been done in representing bygone artists in their studios, I may be permitted to introduce these pictures of the living to the reader.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:right;"&gt;F. G. STEPHENS.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>F. G. Stephens, Artists at Home, photographed by J. P. Mayall and reproduced in facsimile by photoengraving on copper plates; edited, with biographical notes and descriptions, by Frederick George Stephens (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington; New York: Appleton &amp; Co., 1884), n.p.</text>
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                <text>The history of depictions of artists' studios.</text>
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                <text>Dianne Sachko MacLeod, &lt;em&gt;Art and the Victorian Middle Class: Money and the Making of Cultural Identity&lt;/em&gt; (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 402.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p style="text-align:left;"&gt;CONTENTS.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;SIR FREDERIC LEIGHTON, P.R.A., D.C.L., LL.D.  .   .  1&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;WILLIAM CALDER MARSHALL, R.A., H.R.S.A.  .   .   5&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;THOMAS WEBSTER, Hon. Retired, R.A.  .  .  9&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;VALENTINE CAMERON PRINSEP, A.R.A.  .    .   11&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS, R.A., D.C.L.  .    15&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;SAMUEL COUSINS, Hon. Retired R.A.  .   .   19&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;GEORGE A. LAWSON  .   .   23&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;JOHN PETTIE, R.A.  .   .   39&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;GEORGE FREDERICK WATTS, R.A., LL.D.  .   .  45&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;W. HAMO THORNYCROFT, A.R.A.  .   .   49&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;BRITON RIVIERE, R.A., M.A.  .   .   69&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;JOSEPH EDGAR BOEHM, R.A.  .   .   73&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;EDWARD JOHN POYNTER, R.A.  .   .  77&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;THOMAS OLDHAM BARLOW, R.A.  .  .  83&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ROBERT WALKER MACBETH, A.R.A.  .   .   87&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;GEORGE ADOLPHUS STOREY, A.R.A.  .   .   89&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE, M.P., Professor of Ancient History in the Royal Academy  .   .   93&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>CONTENTS, &lt;em&gt;Artists at Home&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>F. G. Stephens, Artists at Home, photographed by J. P. Mayall and reproduced in facsimile by photoengraving on copper plates; edited, with biographical notes and descriptions, by Frederick George Stephens (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington; New York: Appleton &amp; Co., 1884), n.p.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Of “Artists at Home”—photographs by Mr. Mayall and text by Mr. F. G. Stephens—we have received the first five numbers.  To us, we confess it, the publication, if in some sort useful, is absolutely devoid of interest.  Mr. Stephens’s text is not much more than catalogue; and Mr. Mayall’s photographs—or rather, the photo-engravings on copper plates reproduced therefrom—are singularly lifeless and dull. Everybody looks as though he were sitting for his portrait; the very furniture is posing; and over all is that terrible and tremendous presence, the photographer’s light, “the light that never was on sea or land.” Mr. Calderon affronts the camera with much sternness; Sir John Gilbert has the sun in his eyes, and comes out very white and vague; Mr. Boehm, sitting desultorily among busts and statues, seems to have been caught in the act of reading the paper; while Mr. Alma Tadema, as unlike himself as possible, leans boldly and airily on the chimney-piece, and Mr. Frank Dicksee, austere yet frightened, does even as Mr. Alma Tadema, and Mr. Val Prinsep turns from his picture with a frown, as if he felt inclined to wring the photographer’s neck. Other artists presented to the public are Mr. Webster, the President (a sufferer, but resigned), Mr. Redgrave, Mr. Cousins, Mr. Millais, Mr. Pettie, Mr. Marshall, and Mr. Marcus Stone. The book, which is published by Messrs. Sampson Low, is written with all Mr. Stephens’s wonted emphasis on intimacy and exactness, and will probably be quite as popular as it deserves.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Magazine of Art&lt;/em&gt;, vol. 7 (September 1884): xlviii</text>
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                <text>A decidedly negative review of the first five installments of &lt;em&gt;Artists at Home, &lt;/em&gt;with objections to its lackluster text and lifeless photographic portraits.</text>
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                <text>F. G. Stephens, &lt;em&gt;Artists at Home, photographed by J. P. Mayall and reproduced in facsimile by photoengraving on copper plates; edited, with biographical notes and descriptions, by Frederick George Stephens (&lt;/em&gt;London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington; New York: Appleton &amp;amp; Co., 1884).</text>
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                <text>William Wordsworth, “Elegiac Stanzas Suggested by a Picture of Peele Castle in a Storm, Painted by Sir George Beaumont.”&#13;
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                <text>Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized&#13;
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                <text>The Magazine of Art, Google Books&lt;br /&gt;http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015080283537&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;div class="WordSection1"&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Dedicated by special permission to Sir FREDERICK LEIGHTON, President of the Royal Academy.&lt;br /&gt;___&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;Messrs. SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, &amp;amp; CO.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Have much pleasure in announcing that they have made arrangements with Mr. J. P. MAYALL, Photographer, Park-lane Studio, to produce a Monthly Series of absolutely permanent PHOTO-ENGRAVINGS, entitled&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;ARTISTS AT HOME.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Mr. J. P. MAYALL has been honoured with permission to photograph a number of the leading Painters, Sculptors, Architects, and Engravers of the day in their studios, or in their homes, while surrounded by their pictures, sculptures, and other objects of art which characterise those places.  In this undertaking he has already been successful in obtaining most satisfactory &lt;em&gt;Photographs &lt;/em&gt;of the following artists (a list to which other names will be added in due course):-&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sir &lt;/em&gt;F. LEIGHTON, President of the Royal Academy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ALMA-TADEMA, L., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ANSDELL, R., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ARMITAGE, E., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;BARLOW, T. O., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;BODLEY, G. F., A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;BOEHM, J. E., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;BOUGHTON, G. H., A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CALDERON, P. H., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;COUSINS, S., Hon. Retired R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DICKSEE, F., A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;EDIS, ROBERT W., F.S.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;FAED, T., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;FRITH, W. P., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;GILBERT, Sir J., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;GOW, A.C., A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;GRAHAM, P., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;GREGORY, E.J., A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HAAG, CARL&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HODGSON, J.E. R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HOLL, FRANK, R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HORSLEY, J.C., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HUNTER, COLIN, A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;JOHNSON, C.E.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LAWSON, G.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;LESLIE, G. D., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MACBETH, R.W. A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MACWHIRTER, J., A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MARKS, H. S., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MARSHALL, W. C., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MILLAIS, J. E., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MORRIS, P. R., A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;OAKES, J. W., A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;OULESS, W.W., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PETTIE, J., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;POYNTER, E.J. R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PRINSEP, V.C., A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;REDGRAVE, RICHARD, Hon. Retired R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;RICHMOND, G., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;RIVIERE, BRITON, R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;SANT, J., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;STONE, MARCUS, A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;STOREY, G.A., A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;THORNYCROFT, W. H., A.R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;WATTS, G. F., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;WEBSTER, T. Hon. Retired R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;WOOLNER, T., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;YEAMES, W. F., R.A.&lt;/p&gt;
**It may be stated that the Right Hon. W.E. GLADSTONE, M.P., as “Professor of Ancient History” to the Royal Academy, has sat for a photograph in his library at Hawarden Castle. Other lay members of the Academy will be added to the series.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="WordSection3"&gt;
&lt;p&gt; ----------&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These likenesses have that interest which attaches to the most exact and characteristic representations of eminent men, each in the habit of his life, and in every sense at home. The portraits will be reproduced by an entirely new and unquestionably permanent process of PHOTO-ENGRAVING, and issued in Monthly Parts at FIVE SHILLINGS each part.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Every part will contain Four Engravings from the Photographs, all Facsimiles of the originals, and include a short Biography of each artist, with a description of his studio. The Biographies will be written by, and the literary portion of the work generally will be under the editorship of, Mr. F. G. STEPHENS.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The size of the work will be imperial quarto. The text and plates will be printed on the finest paper. Each part will appear in an appropriate wrapper.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is further intended to print a Superior Edition on india paper, mounted on &lt;em&gt;papier de Hollande, &lt;/em&gt;and of &lt;em&gt;royal folio &lt;/em&gt;size, which will be limited to &lt;em&gt;One Hundred Impressions &lt;/em&gt;taken from each plate &lt;em&gt;before the lettering is engraved upon it; &lt;/em&gt;Fifty of which will be reserved for American subscribers. This edition will be published at &lt;em&gt;Ten Shillings and Sixpence each Part, and supplied only to subscribers for not fewer than &lt;/em&gt;TWELVE MONTHLY PARTS, &lt;em&gt;beginning with a volume.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;em&gt;-----------&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is intended to commence the publication in March, 1884, and to continue it monthly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; The FIRST PART will contain:--&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Sir F. LEIGHTON, P.R.A.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;T. WEBSTER, R.A.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;W. C. MARSHALL, R.A.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;V. C. PRINSEPT, A.R.A.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Orders may be given to any Bookseller in Town or Country.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>F. G. Stephens, &lt;em&gt;Artists at Home, photographed by J. P. Mayall and reproduced in facsimile by photoengraving on copper plates; edited, with biographical notes and descriptions, by Frederick George Stephens&lt;/em&gt; (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington; New York: Appleton &amp;amp; Co., 1884).</text>
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                <text>Charlotte Gere, &lt;em&gt;Artistic Circles: Design &amp;amp; Decoration in the Aesthetic Movement&lt;/em&gt; (London: V&amp;amp;A Publishing, 2010), p. 41: "He lived in a rather severe but substantial house in North Terrace, Camden Town, his walls hung with the finest examples of his own remarkable technique."</text>
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&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;THE GRAND OLD MAN.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;VII.—THE WHOLE-HEARTED HOMAGE OF A HERO-WORSHIPPER.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;BY MR. J. P. MAYALL  PHOTOGRAPHER&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
[Mr. J. P. Mayall, one of the well-known photographers of that name, paid two visits to Hawarden for the purpose of photographing Mr. Gladstone. Of them he has been good enough to send us the following remarkably interesting account, which will be read with great interest. We are also indebted to Mr. Mayall for having placed at our disposal the charming series of photographs of Hawarden Castle, and the photograph of Mr. Gladstone in his library, and of Mrs. Gladstone at her working table. These have been reproduced with great care in this little book.]
&lt;div class="WordSection3"&gt;
&lt;p&gt; THE CASTLE LOOMS UP IN THE DISTANCE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I packed up my apparatus and started off with my assistant on January 15, 1883, by the 5:15 A.M. train, from Euston. We arrived at Broughton Hall in due course, distant about two miles from Hawarden Castle, which was visible from the railway station. We drove over in a trap. The day was dull and unpromising for photography. The aspect of the country became more interesting as we approached the lodge gates of the park which surrounds the Castle. Once inside the park the undulating character of the country studded with fine trees was very charming, reminding one so much of the subject of Mendelssohn’s beautiful part-song “Departure”:—&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt; *  O Hills! O Vale of Pleasure!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;O Woods, with verdure drest!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;When all the charms of leisure&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;So oft have calmed my breast.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;The book I read is Nature’s’&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;There simple truths appear;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;And though she change her features&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;Her dictates still are clear.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;Though far from ye I wander,&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;Lost in the worldly train,&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;My heart will fondly ponder,&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;And sigh for ye again.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some one quoting the adage to Napoleon I, “L’ habitude est une second nature,” he re-marked, “C’est dix fois la nature.” To compare great things with small, I may mention that it is a mental habit of mine in my walks abroad and during my journeys to be constantly either improvising music heard alone by the soul within, or recalling some favourite bit from Beethoven or Mendelssohn, whose music specially delights me. I have listened to their music long and often with rapt attention, and in my own humble and imperfect way endeavoured to interpret it on the piano and the organ. This has ever been a great resource and entertainment to me, and as every one is permitted to indulge in a hobby music is mine. Well, then, to my mind Hawarden Park represents a magnificent poem set to music. There one would delight to roam the long summer days, “forgetting and forgot” by the thousand and one cares which beset the life of man in cities, under the blue sky of heaven, there to commune with one’s own heart. There to go out at eve in the fields to meditate as Isaac did of old. Surely after a busy and chequered life there would be enough to occupy one’s thoughts. As a background to this magnificent scene, the stately castle looms in the distance, the goal of our journey and the home of one of England’s greatest men. A noble and stately pile, built of stone in the mediæval Gothic style, with embattled towers and ponderous gateway. Our coachman entertained us with bits of local lore, and acquainted us with the important fact that he had often driven the old lady and gentleman (alluding to Mr. and Mrs. Gladstone) from the station in the vehicle we occupied. The coachman was evidently quite at home, for on approaching the ponderous gates he stepped down in the most familiar way and opened them both, and then entered in state, as though the place belonged to him. I was somewhat afraid we were trespassing by thus entering at the front gate, being always fearful of intruding, like “Paul Pry.” I had written to Mrs. Gladstone immediately on receipt of her letter to say that we should present ourselves at the Castle on Tuesday morning.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt; “SPARE NOT, WASTE NOT.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Accordingly, I sent up my card by the &lt;em&gt;major-domo,&lt;/em&gt; after waiting a few minutes in the servants’ hall, where I whiled away the time by taking down an inscription written over the fireplace in these words:—&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;Spare not,&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;Waste not.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;To Sobriety&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;Add Diligence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Good words, excellent precepts, sound advice. These ought to be inscribed in letters of gold in every home in the Kingdom. Old-fashioned, antiquated, some may be inclined to say, but nevertheless true. Those who practice these precepts alone can afford to relieve the necessities of others. And where could moral virtue be inculcated with better grace than in the home of the past and future Prime Minister of England? One who himself excels in every moral and social virtue, worthily does he occupy the exalted position to which he has been called by the Sovereign and people of England. From his labours, his life, and his character may every Englishman learn the most useful of lessons. “Not slothful in business, fervent in spirit, worshipping the Lord.” What greater praise could be meted out to any human being? As an epitaph, let me for my part merit such, and this may be applied without challenge to Mr. Gladstone when “time with him shall be no more.” His name Englishmen will always cherish and not willingly let die. But I must cease moralizing (which my friends tell me not to do), and come back to the subject. The &lt;em&gt;major-domo &lt;/em&gt;(who rejoiced in the familiar name of Smith) returned in a few minutes with a message from Mrs. Gladstone desiring to see me. I was ushered up a winding staircase leading from the basement, and after passing along passages and through various rooms was finally shown into the drawing-room. Mrs. Gladstone came forward and shook hands cordially, and presented me to her daughter. She desired me to come to the fire and warm my hands, which were cold after our six hours’ journeying. She said, “And so you have come all the way from London to photograph Mr. Gladstone.” I replied that I was most delighted and happy to come, that it would form a red-letter day in my calendar. I had brought with me a number of the photographs of “Artists at Home,” including some enlargements of Sir John Gilbert’s studio and T. Webster, R.A. I had also with me a life-size portrait of a gentleman with the Rembrandt lighting. These she admired very much, and said that it was very kind of me to bring these photographs with me for her inspection. Mrs. Gladstone thought that photography was making immense strides, and said how interesting it was to see the progress of the art.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;“THE TEMPLE OF PEACE.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;She listened patiently and attentively to all that I had to say, but as I have a mortal fear of boring people I pulled myself up in discoursing about photography to apologize and trust that I was not wearying her. To which she gave a courteous “No!” Now came the technical and other difficulties to be surmounted in taking a photograph of Mr. Gladstone in his sitting-room. I had been somewhat alarmed at the persistent way in which Mr. Gladstone’s sitting-room had been pronounced too dark to be photographed. “Ah!” said I to myself, before seeing the sitting-room, “des faux bruits.” I have hardly seen a room which does not admit of being photographed with Wratten’s dry plates. “Soyez tranquille, mon ami,” I said to myself; “ne t’embarrasse point.” Now Mrs. Gladstone told me that she wished to prepare Mr. Gladstone for the ordeal of being photographed, shall I say, for the thousand and first time. Would I therefore follow her into the “Temple of Peace.” By this tranquil name did she designate Mr. Gladstone’s sanctum. “Look round and take a general survey. Take no notice of Mr. Gladstone,” who was sitting in his favourite corner reading. Accordingly I followed her with light footstep and on entering I inwardly exclaimed, “Allons donc! des histoires. There is light enough here for my purpose.” But my attention was fully absorbed as Mrs. Gladstone pointed out the table where the Homeric studies had been penned, her own table, with many objects of interest scattered about (one a medallion of a great friend of Mr. Gladstone—Sidney Herbert, now no more). I mentioned to Mrs. Gladstone that I recollected quite well when a boy being present in my father’s studio when Sidney Herbert sat for his photograph. Here was a goodly sight for a lover of books (that is another hobby of mine). I could exclaim with the old Roman, “Vita sine literis, mors est.” The books were evidently arranged by the loving hand of a genuine bibliophile. A massive bookcase in the centre of the sitting-room contained a variety of superb editions of Dante arranged by Mr. Gladstone’s own hands.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt; WHAT MR. GLADSTONE WAS READING.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mrs. Gladstone suggested to me that if I found them in the way they could be removed. I said, “No! madam, don’t touch them. I am somewhat of a bookworm myself, and am jealous of any one disturbing my books. I will bring that much-treasured bookcase in view when I photograph Mr. Gladstone,” which I afterwards did. In the library were books on every conceivable subject. A series of shelves were dedicated to many and various editions of my favourite Shakespeare (the poet of poets). Even at a cursory glance I could gather from their titles in divers languages—Greek, Latin, Italian, French, German—those even which caught my eye. Ponderous tomes, representing the classical authors, Aristotle, Plato, Herodotus, Thucydides, &amp;amp;c., &amp;amp;c. Reader, if you want to test your powers of comprehension, just try your ‘prentice hand on a volume of dry, theological disquisition which I saw in Mr. Gladstone’s library, entitled “L’Immaculata Concepzione.” Mr. Gladstone must have waded through this treatise with the same sturdy perseverance as though it had been a State paper to be grasped and fathomed before it could be dealt with, enabling him to expose the sophistry of the Roman Church. Yet one could imagine Mr. Gladstone’s capacious mind unraveling the thread of the argument and exposing it to view, unmasking, as it were, and divesting it of all its pomp of words and parade of logic with which the Church of Rome loves to array its lucubrations, which are made to conceal the real poverty and hollowness of the argument. “The Vatican Decrees” must have been well thumbed and thought over before answering.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt; OVER 15,000 VOLUMES.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the sitting-room and adjoining rooms of the library are over 15,000 volumes. It was a saying of George III.: “It often happens that when I ask my lawyers a question of law, they are unable to reply off-hand, but they know where to place their hands on the desired information.” Doubtless, thought I, the three score years and ten of the Psalmist would not suffice, however diligently employed, to read all these books through, but one book becomes like a skeleton key, useful in unlocking the treasures of a good many others. And very truly may it be said that one book is a key to another. But this requires intellectual power of no ordinary kind, powers of memory quite prodigious, facility of study, and much leisure. In viewing Mr. Gladstone in the seclusion of his library from my stand-point, the man of letters was more prominent than the statesman. The scholar will always be an object of interest to the man of literary taste. Politics to him cannot possess that absorbing interest which belong to the productions of literature. Perhaps the most profound writer and thinker the Greeks produced was in my humble opinion Aristotle. Yet how would the later generations have known of his existence had he not possessed the literary faculty in a supreme degree? Had he not committed his thoughts to writing, the mighty Stagyrite would have been known most imperfectly to these later times. Aristotle’s writings were not published until some time after his death. In him the literary faculty must have been supreme, as he wrote for posterity, but he has, in consequence, left us evidence that he possessed one of the most profound and encyclopædic intellects the world has ever seen. All this, however, is hardly germane to photography, and perhaps the reader may wish me to do like the cobbler and stick to my last. Well, then, to resume. All the preparations being made and ready, the camera in site, double slides charged, and a good solid head-rest placed behind the chair, Mr. Gladstone was seated and I exposed the plate 120 seconds. Mrs. Gladstone and her son, who were in the library at the time, thought that I had exposed the plate five minutes, the time seemed so long. I said no, I had counted 120 long seconds, so Mr. Gladstone very good naturedly said, “Photographic seconds,” which I explained must be lengthened out if possible, as every photographer dreads under exposure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt; PHOTOGRAPHING ROYALTY&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I may mention that during my career as a photographer—in which calling I was brought up as my father before me, who is now the oldest photographer living in England—in my career as a photographer it has often happened that I have assisted my father in photographing great and illustrious personages, but this in quite a secondary capacity. My memory now recalls a scene on the terrace at Osborne House, Isle of Wight. About the year 1855 my father received her Majesty’s commands to attend there for the purpose of taking some photographs, and I accompanied him. In succession were photographed the Princess Royal, the Princess Helena, the Prince of Wales, the Prince Alfred, finally her Majesty and the Prince Consort. To my boyish mind it was naturally a subject of curiosity to approach these Royal personages in all the unstudied intimacy of their daily life and surroundings. But I must here frankly confess that my admiration and enthusiasm could never be thoroughly aroused by the presence or interview with merely persons of rank. Was it Louis XIV. who said that “No man was a hero to his valet”? Well, then, I had often asked myself what impression would be left on the mind if one should ever be called upon to officiate in person in photographing a really great man. My curiosity, my enthusiasm would then have ample scope for gratification, and I shall here attempt to analyze my feelings on being ushered by Mrs. Gladstone into the “Temple of Peace,” and there to stand in the very room where Mr. Gladstone sat in his favourite corner, looking impassive as marble, engaged in reading. It was a feeling of respectful awe, as I said to myself, “There sits the greatest living man, one who by mere force of intellect and culture occupies the most exalted position to which any subject can be called. In him behold the highest product of civilization. By no accident of birth is he Prime Minister of England, no caprice of fortune can account for his present position, but that one sovereign gift of intellect vouchsafed to him by the Almighty has made him and fitted him for the office he holds.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;GREAT MEN AND BOOKS.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="WordSection5"&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In my own small way and amongst my friends I have a certain ascendency, and am looked up to; but never in my life, either before or since, did I feel my own inferiority and insignificance as during that moment when I stood in that library in Mr. Gladstone’s very presence. For that privilege and for that moment and at that time I would not have exchanged positions with any man in England. That was a precious experience which I shall carry with me through life, on which I shall often dwell and ponder, and have endeavoured, however feebly, to reproduce here on paper. But the experience itself defies description. All that I had ever read, thought, or seen of great men flashed across my mind, and I saw they possessed this is common—the literary gift, the love of letters. The greatest men the world has yet seen loved books. Alexander the Great placed a copy of Homer under his pillow to mark his love and admiration of “the blind old man of Scios’ rocky isle,” Cicero, the most Grecian in mind and culture of all the Romans (for to him Greek was as familiar as his mother tongue)—in Cicero the man of letters dominates the man of law. Then, again, Julius Cæsar, himself only inferior to Cicero as an orator,  was a man profoundly literary in his tastes. How interesting to find Cæsar while in Britain corresponding with his literary friends in Rome, proposing and solving the grammatical questions and niceties of idiom of the Latin tongue! Speaking of the love of letters, how eloquently Cicero has said, “Delectant domi, non impediunt foris.” And so on, the great masterminds have been eminently devoted to literature. Dante, in the “Divina Commedia,” at a bound fixed the Italian language and literature for all time. Our own Shakespeare and Milton, whose words are indeed familiar to our lips as household words—have they not in a measure schooled and fashioned the best minds this country has produced? Shakespeare and Milton I particularly love and revere. What, reader, would you or I sacrifice to be ushered into the presence o Shakespeare or Milton, if that could by any possibility be accomplished?—it is a dream, and must remain such. But I have tasted something of what a similar experience might leave on the mind.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;A DESCRIPTION OF THE TEMPLE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In that library at Hawarden Castle I saw one of the master spirits of the world, the scholar surrounded by his books and literary treasures, the man of letters immersed in thought, deep in study. You may perhaps be curious to know what book Mr. Gladstone had been reading. Now, as chance would have it, on my second visit to Hawarden Castle in June, 1883, after I had settled my apparatus in the library on the morning Mr. Gladstone sat to me the second time, I, being alone and having nothing else to do, availed myself of the opportunity to make a minute inspection of the library. On the table close by the chair where Mr. Gladstone sits in his library, I saw an open volume laid flat, placed with the pages facing the table so as not to lose the place—a habit familiar to every serious reader (and a very much better plan than dog-earing a page). I had the curiosity or indiscretion, which I dare say Mr. Gladstone will pardon, to examine the volume Mr. Gladstone had been reading, and the comments he had been making on it in his own handwriting. It was a volume in Greek—the Odes of Pindar. I said to myself, that must be pretty stiff reading, and would rather tax one’s knowledge of Greek. You require to be an enthusiastic Greek scholar to tackle such an author. The rest speaks for itself. To drop upon a man in his most unguarded moments might give you a surer key to his character and tastes than to meet him in public “staging himself in the eyes of the multitude.” I must confess, for my part, an extreme desire to make the acquaintance of men, not as they are seen by the outside world, but simply following the bent of their minds. Here is a touchstone of character which reveals volumes to the initiated and the genuine searcher.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;MRS. GLADSTONE’S TABLE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Mr. Gladstone’s sitting-room at the other end of it is Mrs. Gladstone’s table. I may say, for the reader’s information, on my first interview with Mrs. Gladstone I perceived that I had a valuable ally to aid me in getting the photographs I required (this I said to her), and I was not wrong, as the sequel proved. I therefore addressed myself to Mrs. Gladstone, who was always accessible, kind, and courteous to me whenever I required to make any arrangements. Having been honoured with a separate sitting by Mrs. Gladstone on my first visit, I had a life-size enlargement done from the negative; this I took with me on my second visit. This enlargement found favour with Mr. Gladstone and his family, and procured for me the honour of a separate sitting from Mr. Gladstone as a pendant. When I had finished the sitting in the library, I made bold to ask Mr. Gladstone himself to favour me with a separate sitting for a Rembrandt photograph, as a companion to the one of Mrs. Gladstone. To this the right hon. gentleman assented at once, and said that he would sit for me in the open air if I liked. Now the previous evening I had reconnoitered the various rooms and selected a spot in a recess of one of the windows in the drawing-room adjoining the library, the light there being suitable for my purpose. This I mentioned to Mr. Gladstone, who said, “Very well, when you are ready let me know.” In the said recess a very serious impediment stood in the way of the reflector used in the Rembrandt lighting—namely, a marble bust perched on a pedestal. This I pointed out to Mr. Henry Gladstone, who volunteered assistance in carrying the apparatus out of the library. Mr. Henry Gladstone, without more ado, coolly took the marble bust (weighing I don’t know how much) in his arms and deposited it safely on the floor. I said “Bravo! well done!” At the time I spoke to him quite familiarly about Mr. Gladstone and things generally, not knowing that he was Mr. Gladstone’s son. This I only learnt a few minutes after when I came to take his portrait. I adjusted the chair, the camera, the head-rest (no prudent photographer travels without that), and the portable background. I was then ready for action, and Mr. Henry Gladstone went and told his father, who came out of the library into the drawing-room. Mr. Gladstone noticed the marble bust had been lifted off the pedestal and placed on the ground. I said to him, “I think, Sir, we have Hercules (pointing to Mr. Gladstone’s son) here. It’s no joke to lift that bust,” at which he smiled.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt; A FEAST FOR THE EYE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;He then sat down in the chair, and here again was a feast for the eye of a painter, let alone a photographer. That face, that effect of light and shade, will never be effaced from my memory. It would have required Rembrandt himself to do justice to the occasion. There was a noble and majestic countenance, almost leonine in its aspect, so full of power and masculine dignity. This was one view of Mr. Gladstone’s face which I caught when I heard him speak in the House of Commons in May, 1883. At least, thought I to myself, I will aim at something different from anything I have yet seen of Mr. Gladstone. Whether I have succeeded or not I must leave others to judge. To the eye of the photographer Mr. Gladstone’s face is pale as marble, and the lips and eyes alone give indication of colour. I have not seen any oil-painting of Mr. Gladstone which satisfies my eye or which thoroughly represents the man. &lt;em&gt;Per contra, &lt;/em&gt;as a salve to the portrait painters, I have seen a tremendous lot of caricatures of Mr. Gladstone in the shape of photographs (I hope that mine will not be included) which are downright false and repulsive. The finest photograph I have yet seen of Mr. Gladstone, and which I should like to have done myself, was one taken in Florence during his last visit to Italy. There is a delicacy and refinement about that photograph which pleases me. I have often gazed at it with much pleasure and delight. To the photographer Mr. Gladstone would be an endless subject: there is a refined expression on his countenance which caught my eye when speaking to him in the library which has not yet been portrayed either by painter or photographer. He will be a fortunate man who can render it. In the meantime, we must be satisfied with what has already been obtained of him. Every one knows how difficult it is to call up an agreeable expression at the time of being photographed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt; MR. GLADSTONE ON PHOTOGRAPHY.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Just at the critical moment of taking the cap off the lens I asked Mr. Gladstone to fix his eye on one point. He did so, and said that he had often thought that photographers ought to have some toy or other to amuse or attract the attention of the sitter. I suggested the expression I should like to secure would be one called up by listening to fine music. I threw this out as a hint to other photographers in their operations. But I make this observation in general as regards photographic portraiture, that the normal expression of the face can only be obtained in a subdued light—photographic studios have generally too much glare. This I consider a fatal objection to the use of electric light, which is very apt to call up a painful, forced expression seen at no other time. Another very important element in producing a successful portrait of any one is the photographer himself. In my view a good photographer is&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt; Rara avis in terris, nigroque simillima cygno.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;And the qualifications are very high. Photography, I am sorry to say, like school-mastering, though worthy of the highest abilities, is frequently followed by men of the lowest, and, to use a current phrase, has become “a refuge for the destitute.” A good photographer requires to be a fair chemist, a man of good taste and agreeable manners, and very much indeed of an artist. As the Captain in Dickens’s novel very justly observes, “When found, make a note of.” It is to be hoped that the photographer of the future may be recruited from the ranks of the ardent and enthusiastic amateurs whose name is legion. Whenever I see an amateur I always extend my right hand to him as a possible future brother, and I indulge him in his hobby by talking “shop” to him to his heart’s content. I hereby give notice that all amateurs are welcome at my place, and I don’t in the least look upon them as intruders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:left;"&gt;THE TREE-FELLING IN THE PARK.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To return to the library, I noticed on one of the side shelves among the walking sticks, a very fair collection of axes of different sizes and patterns, but this collection was fairly dwarfed in comparison with a collection I saw in one of the outhouses of the Castle. It appears certain manufacturers of axes in Sheffield and elsewhere when they bring out an axe of a new pattern, send one to Mr. Gladstone for trial. The tree-felling was quite in the ascendant on the occasion of my visit. After the family had lunched, they made up a party, armed with axes, and started for a spot in the park to perform their self-appointed task. I had occasion on my way to photograph the gateway to catch sight of the party. The Rector of Hawarden was in his shirt-sleeves, axe in hand, and positively bathed in perspiration. They had evidently, to use the Yankee phrase, “had a good time of it.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;*By kind permission of Messrs. Novello, Ewer, and Co.&lt;/p&gt;
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              <text>Part VII in an illustrated pamphlet dedicated to W. E. Gladstone</text>
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                <text>"The Whole-Hearted Homage of a Hero-Worshipper"</text>
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                <text>November 5, 1888</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Grand Old Man,&lt;/em&gt; n 44, &lt;em&gt;Pall Mall Gazette "Extra" &lt;/em&gt;(London) (November 5, 1888), Part VII, 26-30. LSE Selected Pamphlets, LSE LIbrary, http://www.jstor.org/stable/60214627</text>
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                <text>Mayall's reminiscences of his two visits to Hawarden Castle, Wales, in 1884 (he misremembers the year as 1883), to photograph the prime minister, W. E. Gladstone, for &lt;em&gt;Artists at Home. &lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>A lengthy, discursive , autobiographical text in which the photographer J. P. Mayall recalls his two visits to Hawarden Castle to photograph W. E. Gladstone and his wife. As one of the only extant primary sources on Mayall, it is extraordinarily valuable, revealing his love of music and books; his tepid appreciation of royalty (he recalls going to Osborne as a child when his father, the much better-known photographer J. J. E. Mayall, was summoned to photograph Queen Victoria and her family) and his "whole-hearted" admiration for Gladstone and others like him, who had earned their position in the world through intelligence and hard work; his antipathy toward Roman Catholicism; his sense of social inferiority; his views on photography as an art form; and his photographic process. The story ends with Mayall glimpsing the Gladstone family at a distance, walking through Hawarden Park with axes in hand, preparing to fell a few trees.</text>
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                <text>Milk, Joanna (MacFarland). “Artists at Home: Artifice and Presence.” n.d. Accessed September 24, 2015. http://www.academia.edu/4168571/Artists_at_Home_Artifice_and_Presence</text>
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                <text>Omeka record contributed by Linda Merrill</text>
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                <text>October 30, 2016</text>
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                  <text>The Press</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;MR. GLADSTONE AT HOME.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;THE WHOLE-HEARTED HOMAGE OF A HERO-WORSHIPPER.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MR. J. P. MAYALL, one of the well-known photographers of that name, paid two visits to Hawarden for the purpose of photographing Mr. Gladstone. Of them he has been good enough to send us the following interesting account, which will be read just now with great interest. Last night crowds of enthusiastic Liberals flocked to the National Liberal Club to see Mr. Gladstone on show. In the following article is a picture of him as he appeared to a hero-worshipper at home :—&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; THE CASTLE LOOMS UP IN THE DISTANCE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;    I packed up my apparatus and started off with my assistant on January 15, 1883, by the 5:15 A.M. train, from Euston. We arrived at Broughton Hall in due course, distant about two miles from Hawarden Castle, which was visible from the railway station. We drove over in a trap. The day was dull and unpromising for photography. The aspect of the country became more interesting as we approached the lodge gates of the park which surrounds the castle. Once inside the park the undulating character of the country studded with fine trees was very charming, reminding one so much of the subject of Mendelssohn’s beautiful part-song “Departure.” To my mind Hawarden-park represents a magnificent poem set to music. There one would delight to roam the long summer days, “forgetting and forgot” by the thousand and one cares which beset the life of man in cities, under the blue sky of heaven, there to commune with one’s own heart. There to go out at eve in the fields, to meditate as Isaac did of old. Surely after a busy and chequered life there would be enough to occupy one’s thoughts. As a background to this magnificent scene, the stately castle looms in the distance, the goal of our journey and the home of one of England’s greatest men--a noble and stately pile, built of stone in the mediæval Gothic style, with embattled towers and ponderous gateway. Our coachman entertained us with bits of local lore, and acquainted us with the important fact that he had often driven the old lady and gentleman (alluding to Mr. and Mrs. Gladstone) from the station in the vehicle we occupied. The coachman was evidently quite at home, for on approaching the ponderous gates he stepped down in the most familiar way and opened them both, and then entered in state, as though the place belonged to him. I was somewhat afraid we were trespassing by thus entering at the front gate, being always fearful of intruding, like “Paul Pry.” I had written to Mrs. Gladstone immediately on receipt of her letter to say that we should present ourselves at the Castle on Tuesday morning.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;“SPARE NOT, WASTE NOT.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;    Accordingly, I sent up my card by the major-domo, after waiting a few minutes in the servants’ hall, where I whiled away the time by taking down an inscription written over the fireplace in these words :—&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Spare not,&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Waste not.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To Sobriety&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Add Diligence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Good words, excellent precepts, sound advice. And where could moral virtue be inculcated with better grace than in the home of the past and future Prime Minister of England? One who himself excels in every moral and social virtue, worthily does he occupy the exalted position to which he has been called by the Sovereign and people of England. From his labours, his life, and his character may every Englishman learn the most useful of lessons. “Not slothful in business, fervent in spirit, worshipping the Lord.” His name Englishmen will always cherish and not willingly let die. But I must cease moralizing (which my friends tell me not to do), and come back to the subject.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;        “THE TEMPLE OF PEACE.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;    Now came the technical and other difficulties to be surmounted in taking a photograph of Mr. Gladstone in his sitting-room. I had been somewhat alarmed at the persistent way in which Mr. Gladstone’s sitting-room had been pronounced too dark to be photographed. “Ah!” said I to myself, before seeing the sitting-room, “des faux bruits.” I have hardly seen a room which does not admit of being photographed with Wratten’s dry plates. “Soyez tranquille, mon ami,” I said to myself; “ne t’embarrasse point.” Now, Mrs. Gladstone told me that she wished to prepare Mr. Gladstone for the ordeal of being photographed, shall I say, for the thousand and first time. Would I, therefore, follow her into the “Temple of Peace.” .” By this tranquil name did she designate Mr. Gladstone’s sanctum. “Look round and take a general survey. Take no notice of Mr. Gladstone,” who was sitting in his favourite corner, reading. Accordingly, I followed her with light footstep and on entering I inwardly exclaimed, “Allons donc! des histoires. There is light enough here for my purpose.” But my attention was fully absorbed as Mrs. Gladstone pointed out the table where the Homeric studies had been penned, her own table, with many objects of interest scattered about (one a medallion of a great friend of Mr. Gladstone—Sidney Herbert, now no more).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; WHAT MR. GLADSTONE WAS READING.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;   Mrs. Gladstone suggested to me that if I found the books in the way they could be removed. I said, “No! madam, don’t touch them. I am somewhat of a bookworm myself, and am jealous of any one disturbing my books. I will bring that much-treasured bookcase in view when I photograph Mr. Gladstone,” which I afterwards did. In the library were books on every conceivable subject. A series of shelves were dedicated to many and various editions of my favourite Shakespeare (the poet of poets). Even at a cursory glance I could gather from their titles in divers languages—Greek, Latin, Italian, French, German—those even which caught my eye. Ponderous tomes, representing the classical authors, Aristotle, Plato, Herodotus, Thucydides, &amp;amp;c. Reader, if you want to test your powers of comprehension, just try your ‘prentice hand on a volume of dry, theological disquisition which I saw in Mr. Gladstone’s library, entitled “L’Immaculata Concepzione.” Mr. Gladstone must have waded through this treatise with the same sturdy perseverance as though it had been a State paper to be grasped and fathomed before it could be dealt with, enabling him to expose the sophistry of the Roman Church. Yet one could imagine Mr. Gladstone’s capacious mind unraveling the thread of the argument and exposing it to view, unmasking, as it were, and divesting it of all its pomp of words and parade of logic with which the Church of Rome loves to array its lucubrations, which are made to conceal the real poverty and hollowness of the argument. “The Vatican Decrees” must have been well thumbed and thought over before answering. All the preparations being made and ready, the camera in site, double slides charged, and a good solid head-rest placed behind the chair, Mr. Gladstone was seated and I exposed the plate 120 seconds. Mrs. Gladstone and her son, who were in the library at the time, thought that I had exposed the plate five minutes, the time seemed so long. I said no, I had counted 120 long seconds, so Mr. Gladstone very good naturedly said, “Photographic seconds,” which I explained must be lengthened out if possible, as every photographer dreads under- exposure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A DESCRIPTION OF THE TEMPLE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;   I cannot here attempt to analyze my feelings on being ushered by Mrs. Gladstone into the “Temple of Peace,” and there to stand in the very room where Mr. Gladstone sat in his favourite corner, looking impassive as marble, engaged in reading. In that library at Hawarden Castle I saw one of the master spirits of the world, the scholar surrounded by his books and literary treasures, the man of letters immersed in thought, deep in study. You may perhaps be curious to know what book Mr. Gladstone had been reading. Now, as chance would have it, on my second visit to Hawarden Castle in June, 1883, after I had settled my apparatus in the library on the morning Mr. Gladstone sat to me the second time, I, being alone and having nothing else to do, availed myself of the opportunity to make a minute inspection of the library. On the table close by the chair where Mr. Gladstone sits in his library, I saw an open volume laid flat, placed with the pages facing the table so as not to lose the place—a habit familiar to every serious reader (and a very much better plan than dog-earing a page). I had the curiosity or indiscretion, which I dare say Mr. Gladstone will pardon, to examine the volume Mr. Gladstone had been reading, and the comments he had been making on it in his own handwriting. It was a volume in Greek—the Odes of Pindar. I said to myself, that must be pretty stiff reading, and would rather tax one’s knowledge of Greek. You require to be an enthusiastic Greek scholar to tackle such an author. The rest speaks for itself. To drop upon a man in his most unguarded moments might give you a surer key to his character and tastes than to meet him in public “staging himself in the eyes of the multitude.” I must confess, for my part, an extreme desire to make the acquaintance of men, not as they are seen by the outside world, but simply following the bent of their minds. Here is a touchstone of character which reveals volumes to the initiated and the genuine searcher.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; A FEAST FOR THE EYE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;    Mr. Gladstone then sat down in the chair, and here again was a feast for the eye of a painter, let alone a photographer. That face, that effect of light and shade, will never be effaced from my memory. It would have required Rembrandt himself to do justice to the occasion. There was a noble and majestic countenance, almost leonine in its aspect, so full of power and masculine dignity. This was one view of Mr. Gladstone’s face which I caught when I heard him speak in the House of Commons in May, 1883. At least, thought I to myself, I will aim at something different from anything I have yet seen of Mr. Gladstone. Whether I have succeeded or not I must leave others to judge. To the eye of the photographer Mr. Gladstone’s face is as pale as marble, and the lips and eyes alone give indication of colour. I have not seen any oil painting of Mr. Gladstone which satisfies my eye or which thoroughly represents the man. &lt;em&gt;Per contra, &lt;/em&gt;as a salve to the portrait painters, I have seen a tremendous lot of caricatures of Mr. Gladstone in the shape of photographs (I hope that mine will not be included) which are downright false and repulsive. The finest photograph I have yet seen of Mr. Gladstone, and which I should like to have done myself, was one taken in Florence during his last visit to Italy. There is a delicacy and refinement about that photograph which pleases me. I have often gazed at it with much pleasure and delight. To the photographer Mr. Gladstone would be an endless subject: there is a refined expression on his countenance which caught my eye when speaking to him in the library which has not yet been portrayed either by painter or photographer. He will be a fortunate man who can render it.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>Thomas Webster was born on March 20, 1800, in London. He was educated as a chorister at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor, and at the Chapel Royal, St. James’s, London. He began his studies at the Royal Academy Schools in 1821 and won a gold medal in 1825. He exhibited eighty-three works at the Royal Academy between 1823 and 1879, thirty-nine at the British Institution (1824-44), and eight at the Society of British Artists (1825-34). He was elected an A.R.A. in 1840 and an R.A. in 1846. In 1857 he moved to the village of Cranbrook, Kent, just outside of London, where he became the informal leader of the Cranbrook Colony, a group of younger artists who shared his interest in painting scenes of rural life. He became an Honorary Retired R.A. in 1876. His first wife, Betsy, died on January 27, 1859, at the age of fifty-nine and  was succeeded by his second wife, Ellen. Webster died in Cranbrook on September 23, 1886.</text>
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              <text>Heleniak, Kathryn Moore. “Webster, Thomas (1800–1886).” Kathryn Moore Heleniak In &lt;em&gt;Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,&lt;/em&gt; edited by H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004. Online ed., edited by David Cannadine, May 2011. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28947 (accessed November 8, 2016). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</text>
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              <text>“The Royal Academy, The Seventy-First Exhibition, 1839,” &lt;em&gt;The Art Union&lt;/em&gt; 1 (December1839): 69-70.</text>
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              <text>The Cranbrook Colony, Wed, Oct 20, 2010 (10:11 PM), Archant Community Media Ltd. http://community.archant.net/life/kent/blogs/gbl/ken/b/rachael_hales_blog_on_kents_historical_people_and_places/archive/2010/10/20/the-cranbrook-colony.aspx (accessed November 10, 2016).</text>
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              <text>“Cranbrook Colony.” 2013. Accessed November 10, 2016. http://www.cranbrookmuseum.org/cranbrook-colony.html. </text>
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              <text>Stephens, F. G. “Mr. Thomas Webster. Hon. Retired R.A.” &lt;em&gt;Artists at Home&lt;/em&gt; (London: S. Low, 1884), 9.</text>
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                <text>Webster, Thomas, Hon. Retired, R.A. (1800-1886), English painter</text>
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                <text>Omeka record contributed by Hilleary Gramling. </text>
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                <text>November 16, 2016</text>
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          <element elementId="61">
            <name>Date Modified</name>
            <description>Date on which the resource was changed.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1603">
                <text>November 16, 2016</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Portraits</text>
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              <text>This is one of several photographs taken by Mayall for a planned but never published series of portraits, &lt;em&gt;Statesmen at Home. &lt;/em&gt;</text>
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              <text>Cecil was elected prime minister for the first time in June 1885, only a few months after the publication of his biography, upon the resignation of W. E. Gladstone, and remained in office until January 1886. He was elected twice more and served as P.M. in 1886-92 and 1895-1902.</text>
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              <text>Mayall produced a second image of the Marquis of Salisbury, which he copyrighted on June 17, 1884. This was described on the application as "Photograph of the Marquis of Salisbury nearly profile face" (National Archives, COPY 1/368/249). </text>
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              <text>Presumably at a later date, Mayall photographed the Marchioness of Salisbury, Georgina Alderson (&lt;em&gt;d.&lt;/em&gt; 1899), in two poses. Both were registered on December 10, 1895. The first was described as "Photograph of The Marchioness of Salisbury, nearly side face" (COPY 1/422/866), the second, "Photograph of The Marchioness of Salisbury, full length seated, nearly side face" (COPY 1/422/867).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandspeeches00pullgoog"&gt;https://archive.org/details/lifeandspeeches00pullgoog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Marquis of Salisbury, K.G.</text>
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          <element elementId="56">
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                <text>Joseph Parkin Mayall (1839-1922)</text>
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                <text>Frederick Sanders Pulling, &lt;em&gt;The Life and Speeches of the Marquis of Salisbury, K.G.&lt;/em&gt; (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, &amp;amp; Rivington, 1885), frontispiece.</text>
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                <text>Cecil, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne, third marquess of Salisbury (1830-1903), in the library of his family home, Hatfield House in Hertfordshire.</text>
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                <text>February 29, 1896, by  Joe Parkin Mayall, 67 Gascony Avenue, West Hampstead, London. Late of 548 Oxford Street, London, owner and author of the work.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Three-quarter view of heavily bearded gentleman seated, both hands clasped on a book in his lap, in front of a wall of books. </text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;“The Manchester Ship Canal.” &lt;em&gt;The Pall Mall Gazette&lt;/em&gt;, issue 5944, March 25, 1884: "Mr. J. P. Mayall, the photographer of 'Artists at Home,' now being published by Messrs. Sampson Low, Marston, and Co., recently photographed Lord and Lady Salisbury, the Duke of Argyll, the Bishop of St. Albans and several of the young people at Hatfield House in an out-door group. (&lt;em&gt;19th Century British Library Newspapers: Part II).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>“Notes on Art and Archaeology.” &lt;em&gt;The Academy,&lt;/em&gt; no. 621 (March 29, 1884): 230-31. "MR. J. P. MAYALL, the photographer of &lt;em&gt;Artists at Home&lt;/em&gt;, now being published by Messrs. Sampson Low, has recently taken an outdoor group, in the courtyard of Hatfield, comprising the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury, the Duke of Argyll, the Bishop of St. Albans, and several of the young members of the Marquis’s family."</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1622">
                <text>&lt;em&gt;Morning News (&lt;/em&gt;London), August 13, 1884. "The success of 'Artists at Home,' now being published by Messrs. Sampson Low, Marston, &amp;amp; Co., has encouraged Mr. J. P. Mayall (Park Lane Studio) to extend the series to 'Statesmen at Home.' The photographs already taken for the work are Lord Salisbury in his library at Hatfield; Lord Carnarvon, who has recently sat, in his library at Highclere Castle, and Mr. Gladstone (Newspapers.com).</text>
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                <text>“Life and Speeches of Marquis of Salisbury, K. G.," &lt;em&gt;Publishers’ Circular&lt;/em&gt; 47, no. 1140 (March 16, 1885): 264: "With a Photogravure Portrait of LORD SALISBURY, From a Photograph taken by J. P. Mayall in the Library at Hatfield House. Nearly ready, 2 vols. crown 8vo price 21s. THE Life and Speeches of the MARQUIS OF SALISBURY, K.G. by F. S. Pulling, M.A. . . . Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, &amp;amp; Rivington"</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1624">
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          <element elementId="37">
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Omeka record contributed by Linda Merrill</text>
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            <description>Date of submission of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department) or an article (submitted to a journal).</description>
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                  <text>The Artists' Houses</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Studio of Frederic Leighton</text>
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                <text>c. 1883</text>
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                <text>Adams, Maurice. &lt;em&gt;Artists’ Homes: A Portfolio of Drawings including the Houses and Studios of Several Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects.&lt;/em&gt; London: B. T. Batsford, 1883.</text>
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                <text>Studio house of Frederic Leighton at No. 2 Holland Park Road, Kensington</text>
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                <text>Exterior of the garden front of Leighton House, showing north-facing studio windows on the first floor and the Arab Hall.</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="37">
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                <text>Omeka record contributed by Linda Merrill</text>
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                <text>5 5/8 in. x 3 7/8 in. 142 mm x 99 mm&#13;
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1649">
                <text>National Portrait Gallery </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1650">
                <text>Greenaway, Catherine "Kate" (1846-1901), illustrator</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1651">
                <text>© National Portrait Gallery, London&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3593">
                <text>The artist is seated in an upholstered chair, at a desk, with pen and paper in hand.</text>
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          <element elementId="61">
            <name>Date Modified</name>
            <description>Date on which the resource was changed.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="3594">
                <text>December 4, 2016</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
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